MICHELE PATRI
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Ehm.... this man is even more unfortunate!
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Public Executions In The Arena
MICHELE PATRI
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THE VESTAL VIGIN URBINIA PUBLICLY EXECUTED FOR UNCHASTITY
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MICHELE PATRI
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THE VESTAL VIGIN URBINIA PUBLICLY EXECUTED FOR UNCHASTITY
“In the ancient Rome, the Vestals or Vestal Virgins (Vestales, singular Vestalis) were priestesses of Vesta, goddess of the hearth. The College of the Vestals and its well-being was regarded as fundamental to the continuance and security of Rome. They lived under a strict vow of chastity and celibacy.
Allowing the sacred fire of Vesta to die out, suggesting that the goddess had withdrawn her protection from the city, was a serious offence and was punishable by scourging.
The chastity of the Vestals was considered to have a direct bearing on the health of the Roman state. When they entered the collegium, they left behind the authority of their fathers and became daughters of the state. Any sexual relationship with a citizen was therefore considered to be incestum and an act of treason. The punishment for violating the oath of celibacy was to be buried alive in the Campus Sceleratus or "Evil Field" (an underground chamber near the Colline Gate). When condemned by the college of pontifices, a vestal was stripped of her vittae and other badges of office, was scourged, was attired like a corpse, placed in a close litter, and borne through the forum attended by her weeping kindred, with all the ceremonies of a real funeral, to a rising ground called the Campus Sceleratus.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus claims that the earliest Vestals at Alba Longa were whipped and "put to death" for breaking their vows of celibacy.
In 471 b.C. The vestal virgin Urbinia was whipped for a long time before being buried alive.”
“In the ancient Rome, the Vestals or Vestal Virgins (Vestales, singular Vestalis) were priestesses of Vesta, goddess of the hearth. The College of the Vestals and its well-being was regarded as fundamental to the continuance and security of Rome. They lived under a strict vow of chastity and celibacy.
Allowing the sacred fire of Vesta to die out, suggesting that the goddess had withdrawn her protection from the city, was a serious offence and was punishable by scourging.
The chastity of the Vestals was considered to have a direct bearing on the health of the Roman state. When they entered the collegium, they left behind the authority of their fathers and became daughters of the state. Any sexual relationship with a citizen was therefore considered to be incestum and an act of treason. The punishment for violating the oath of celibacy was to be buried alive in the Campus Sceleratus or "Evil Field" (an underground chamber near the Colline Gate). When condemned by the college of pontifices, a vestal was stripped of her vittae and other badges of office, was scourged, was attired like a corpse, placed in a close litter, and borne through the forum attended by her weeping kindred, with all the ceremonies of a real funeral, to a rising ground called the Campus Sceleratus.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus claims that the earliest Vestals at Alba Longa were whipped and "put to death" for breaking their vows of celibacy.
In 471 b.C. The vestal virgin Urbinia was whipped for a long time before being buried alive.”
MICHELE PATRI
Tribune
THE VESTAL VIRGIN MARCIA EXECUTED FOR UNCHASTITY
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MICHELE PATRI
Tribune
THE VESTAL VIRGIN MARCIA EXECUTED FOR UNCHASTITY
“For an investigation into Roman methods of handling ritual impurity, the priesthood of Vesta provides an excellent case study. Not only were the priestesses responsible for performing numerous rites that cleansed the city and people of pollution, but they were also capable of bringing pollution upon the Roman state by failing to maintain their own sacred status. The Vestals purified Rome, and Rome's purifiers had to be pure and perfect themselves. Candidates for the priesthood, all young girls between the ages of six and ten, had to be free from any physical defect, including speech impediment or hearing loss. The new priestess had to be patrima et matrima, a common ritual requirement in Roman religion – not just for Vestals – that meant both of the candidate's parents had to be alive. The most important aspect of a Vestal's purity was, of course, her virginity, which she was required to maintain for the thirty years of her service to the Roman people.
In 114 BC the Vestal Marcia was accused of taking a lover and condemned to death by being buried alive.
Marcia was led to the arena, stripped nude, tied up and savagely scourged. Then she was dressed in her funerary clothes and bound before being put in a sedan chair. She was accompanied by priests who paraded her through the streets of Rome before the funeral procession arrived at the entrance of a tomb.
The priests turned their backs on her before she was made to descend into the tomb down a ladder.
She was given a small amount of food, water and a lamp. The entrance was sealed and she was left to starve to death.“
“For an investigation into Roman methods of handling ritual impurity, the priesthood of Vesta provides an excellent case study. Not only were the priestesses responsible for performing numerous rites that cleansed the city and people of pollution, but they were also capable of bringing pollution upon the Roman state by failing to maintain their own sacred status. The Vestals purified Rome, and Rome's purifiers had to be pure and perfect themselves. Candidates for the priesthood, all young girls between the ages of six and ten, had to be free from any physical defect, including speech impediment or hearing loss. The new priestess had to be patrima et matrima, a common ritual requirement in Roman religion – not just for Vestals – that meant both of the candidate's parents had to be alive. The most important aspect of a Vestal's purity was, of course, her virginity, which she was required to maintain for the thirty years of her service to the Roman people.
In 114 BC the Vestal Marcia was accused of taking a lover and condemned to death by being buried alive.
Marcia was led to the arena, stripped nude, tied up and savagely scourged. Then she was dressed in her funerary clothes and bound before being put in a sedan chair. She was accompanied by priests who paraded her through the streets of Rome before the funeral procession arrived at the entrance of a tomb.
The priests turned their backs on her before she was made to descend into the tomb down a ladder.
She was given a small amount of food, water and a lamp. The entrance was sealed and she was left to starve to death.“
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Nice guys, those Romans.....
MICHELE PATRI
Tribune
AURELIA PETRONILLA OF ROME
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MICHELE PATRI
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AURELIA PETRONILLA OF ROME
“Aurelia Petronilla lived in Rome at the end of the Ist Century. Archaeological excavations seem to indicate that she was a member of a patrician family, the Flavii, and possibly a relative of the martyr Flavia Domitilla. She fell victim to the persecution of Emperor Domitianus.
Her great beauty led count Flaccus to fall in love with her and come with soldiers to take her by force as his wife. She rebuked him for coming with an armed band, and desired him, if he wished her as his wife, to send matrons and virgins on the third day to conduct her to his house. He agreed, and she passed the three days in prayer. But when the matrons andvirgins came to her house, she refused to marry Flaccus. He had her condemned to death for being a Christian and a rebel. The following day she was brought to the arena and publicly tortured in various way, till she died.”
“Aurelia Petronilla lived in Rome at the end of the Ist Century. Archaeological excavations seem to indicate that she was a member of a patrician family, the Flavii, and possibly a relative of the martyr Flavia Domitilla. She fell victim to the persecution of Emperor Domitianus.
Her great beauty led count Flaccus to fall in love with her and come with soldiers to take her by force as his wife. She rebuked him for coming with an armed band, and desired him, if he wished her as his wife, to send matrons and virgins on the third day to conduct her to his house. He agreed, and she passed the three days in prayer. But when the matrons andvirgins came to her house, she refused to marry Flaccus. He had her condemned to death for being a Christian and a rebel. The following day she was brought to the arena and publicly tortured in various way, till she died.”
MICHELE PATRI
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THE SLAVE DEMETRA CONDEMNED TO DEATH FOR STEALING A JEWEL
The master's power over slaves was called “dominica potestas”, and it was absolute. The death of the master did not free a slave. Romans were not a kindly people, but they did not often forget that a slave was valuable property. Much depended on the individual master. Vedius Pollio, notorious for cruelty, once ordered a slave to be thrown alive into a pond as food for the fish because he had broken a goblet. But Cicero had great affection of his slave Tiro.
A slave who attempted to the master’s life, or stole valueable objects was almost always condemned to die in the most agonizing form - crucifixion.
In 84 A.D. Demetra, a young an beautilful slave of Greek origin, was accused of stealing one of her matrona’s jewels and was condemed to death. She was brought in the arena, stripped nude in front of the audience, tied to a column and whipped until she fainted. Then she was nailed to a cross and let to die slowly.
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Loxuru
Graf von Kreuzigung
These fish were moray eels :
"Moray eels' heads are too narrow to create the low pressure most fishes use to swallow prey. Quite possibly because of this, they have a second set of jaws in their throat called pharyngeal jaws, which also possess teeth (like tilapia). When feeding, morays launch these jaws into the mouth, where they grasp prey and transport it into the throat and digestive system."
(source : Wikipedia). This makes being eaten by them a particularly painful death.
It is said that the incident with the goblet happened during a visit of Emperor Augustus, who saved the slave's life by deliberately breaking a goblet himself.
In another version, Augustus bought the slave and then ordered all Pollio's goblets to be broken.
A third version I once read, was that Vedius Pollio served eels for dinner. They were very delicious, and Augustus wanted to know how he did it. Vedius Pollio simply answered that he regularly fed his eels with a slave. Augustus was so disgusted that he ordered Vedius Pollio to be thrown into the eels' pool and getting eaten by them.
MICHELE PATRI
Tribune
MARIA OF ROME PUBLICLY TORTURED
“Maria was a slave of Tertullus, a Roman official. She was brought up as a Christian, and was the only Catholic in the house. When she was older, she prayed much and fasted often, especially on festivals when the pagan idols were given greater honour. Her mistress did not like this type of behaviour, but she liked Maria because the girl was a good worker, who always kept herself busy.
When persecution against the Christians broke out, Tertullus tried to cause Mary to give up her Catholic Faith, but Mary remained firm and constant in the Faith. Tertullus feared that he would lose Mary, if she fell into the hands of the Prefect, so he had her whipped. While the poor girl was being whipped, no kindness was shown to her, and after she was hidden in a dark room.
Later, the Prefect found out what had been done to Mary, and Tertullus was charged with hiding a Christian in his house. The young girl was then handed over to the Prefect. When the crowd of people heard Maria confess the Holy Name of Christ, they cried out, "Burn her alive! Burn her alive!"
Maria was calm. She stood there praying, "Dear God, please make me strong in the Faith and help me to persevere as a good Christian, until my death." Then she said to the Judge, "The God whom I serve is with me. I do not fear your torments, which can only take away a life that I am ready to lay down for Christ."
The Judge then commanded that Mary be tortured. But she was tortured with such cruelty, that the people standing nearby cried out, "We cannot bear to see this poor girl treated with such cruelty! Release the girl! Release the poor girl!"
The Judge then handed Mary over to a soldier. The good soldier saw that the poor girl was helpless, and allowed her to escape. St. Mary lived the rest of her life doing everything for God, and she died a natural death, possibly in the 4th Century. She is called a Martyr, in the Roman Martyrology, because of the sufferings she bore for the sake of Christ.”
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perhaps the greatest of which was not being granted the crown of martyrdom when she was expecting it,
she'd have been tormented with 'survivor's guilt'
MICHELE PATRI
Tribune
AGNES OF ROME
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MICHELE PATRI
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AGNES OF ROME
"Agnes was the daughter of a Roman patrician family. She was still a teenager when, during one of the persecutions in Rome during the 3rd Century, she refused to make the obligatory sacrifice to the emperor. She was brought to trial. The judge wanted to put Agnes to shame and had her stripped naked in public and thrown into prison. But her hair grew during the night to such a length that it covered her nudity. She was then sent to a brothel, but somehow managed to keep her virginity there; according to the legend, men who tried to touch her fell down like dead or were struck mad, and only recovered when the lovely maiden prayed for them. When the authorities realized that Agnes could not be turned away from her faith, they ordered her to be publicly tortured in the arena, then burned alive, but the flames did not touch her. Finally the executioner pierced her throat with a sword."
"Agnes was the daughter of a Roman patrician family. She was still a teenager when, during one of the persecutions in Rome during the 3rd Century, she refused to make the obligatory sacrifice to the emperor. She was brought to trial. The judge wanted to put Agnes to shame and had her stripped naked in public and thrown into prison. But her hair grew during the night to such a length that it covered her nudity. She was then sent to a brothel, but somehow managed to keep her virginity there; according to the legend, men who tried to touch her fell down like dead or were struck mad, and only recovered when the lovely maiden prayed for them. When the authorities realized that Agnes could not be turned away from her faith, they ordered her to be publicly tortured in the arena, then burned alive, but the flames did not touch her. Finally the executioner pierced her throat with a sword."
MICHELE PATRI
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MICHELE PATRI
Tribune
I'm back.
I have had serious problems with my computer and I have been far from this forum for about a month.
For those who do not remember anything about my production, I add a bunch of my pictures.
I have had serious problems with my computer and I have been far from this forum for about a month.
For those who do not remember anything about my production, I add a bunch of my pictures.
MICHELE PATRI
Tribune
