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Public Executions In The Arena

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ARSONIST CRUCIFIED AND BURNED WITH TORCHES
 

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IRENE OF THESSALONICA BURNED AT THE STAKE

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Agape, Chionia, and Irene were three Christian sisters living in Thessalonike* (today: Thessaloniki, Greece). When Emperor Diocletianus decreed in 303 that it was a punishable crime to own Christian scriptures, the three girls helped to hide the books of the Christian community of her town. Shortly thereafter, however, Agape and Chionia aroused the suspicion of the pagans by refusing to eat from the meat of sacrificed animals. They were recognized as Christians and promptly burned at the stake. The town authorities, now alerted, searched the house of the sisters, found some Christian writings, and arrested Irene. Because of her beauty and youth Irene was not immediately executed, but sent to a brothel, where she was stripped naked and chained to a wall for the amusement of the guests. However, none of the brothel clients availed himself of her, and so she remained a virgin. It is also told that a town prefect shod her feet with irons, put a bridle on her, and made her draw his carriage naked through the streets until an earthquake overturned his carriage and killed him. Irene was questioned again by the town authorities. When she refused to denounce her faith or to tell the names of other Christians, she was burned alive at the stake.
 

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Because of her beauty and youth Irene was not immediately executed, but sent to a brothel, where she was stripped naked and chained to a wall for the amusement of the guests. However, none of the brothel clients availed himself of her, and so she remained a virgin.

Yeah. Right.

Catholic martyrology takes pains to assure the faithful that all female martyrs somehow managed to preserve their virginity. I think that Damian’s take on the martyrdom of Saint Eulalia was far more likely.
 

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"Chained naked to the wall of a brothel" almost certainly unfolded as in Quoom’s "Fall of the Barbarian Queen."
 

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AUREA OF ROME SCOURGED TO DEATH AS A CHRISTIAN REBEL

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Aurea was a member of a small Christian group led by the bishop Cyriacus (Quiriacus) that had been banned from Rome to Ostia, the Roman port at the mouth of the Tiber. The Christians took care of sick people and miraculously healed some of them, and so got an increasing number of followers. During one of the persecution campaigns, however, Aurea, the bishop, and several other members of the community were arrested, tortured, and executed. According to the tradition, Aurea was scourged publically to death.
 

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PARASCEVA OF IKONIUM CRUCIFIED AND TORTURED

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The Martyress Paraskeva, named also Piatnitsa, lived during the third century at Iconium in a rich and pious family. The parents of the saint reverenced especially the day of the Passion of the Lord, and therefore they called their daughter Paraskeva this name, since she had been born on a Friday – Piatnitsa – and the name Paraskeva in Slavic translation from the Greek means also Piatnitsa -Friday.

Young Paraskeva with all her heart loved purity and the lofty morality of the virginal life, and she took a vow of celibacy. She wanted to devote all her life to God and to the enlightenment of pagans with the light of the faith of Christ. Upon this righteous path Saint Paraskeva was brought to judgment, bearing in her own name the memory of the day of the terrible sufferings of Jesus, and she shared in the Passion of Christ also in her own life through her bodily torments.

Because of her confession of the Orthodox faith, the pagans in a frenzy seized hold of her and brought her to the city governor. Here they demanded that she offer unholy sacrifice to the pagan idol. With a steady heart, and trusting on God, the saint refused this demand. For this she underwent great torments: having crucified, the torturers tore at her pure body with iron nails and burned her with flaming torches. But God did not forsake the holy sufferer, and miraculously healed her torn body. Not heeding this divine miracle, the executioners continued with their torture of Paraskeva, and finally, they cut off her head.
 

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PARASCEVA OF IKONIUM CRUCIFIED AND TORTURED
Because of her confession of the Orthodox faith, the pagans in a frenzy seized hold of her and brought her to the city governor. Here they demanded that she offer unholy sacrifice to the pagan idol. With a steady heart, and trusting on God, the saint refused this demand. For this she underwent great torments: having crucified, the torturers tore at her pure body with iron nails and burned her with flaming torches. But God did not forsake the holy sufferer, and miraculously healed her torn body. Not heeding this divine miracle, the executioners continued with their torture of Paraskeva, and finally, they cut off her head.

I restate the Eulalia scenario above as a probable add-on to that litany of suffering.


Also, that Greek Orthodox depiction of full female (or at least androgynous) nudity is an interesting find.
 

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MARGARETA OF ANTIOCHIA TORTURED TO DEATH

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According to the version of the story in Golden Legend, Margareta was a native of Antioch and the daughter of a pagan priest named Aedesius. Her mother having died soon after her birth, Margaret was nursed by a Christian woman five or six leagues (6.9–8.3 miles) from Antioch. Having embraced Christianity and consecrated her virginity to God, Margaret was disowned by her father, adopted by her nurse, and lived in the country keeping sheep with her foster mother (in what is now Turkey). Olybrius, Governor of the Roman Diocese of the East, asked to marry her, but with the demand that she renounce Christianity. Upon her refusal, she was cruelly tortured, during which various miraculous incidents occurred. Finally, she died under torture.
 

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BIBIANA OF ROME SCOURGED TO DEATH

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Bibiana was a native of Rome, born in the fourth century, the daughter and sister of martyrs. Flavian, her Christian father, was apprehended during the reign of Julian the Apostate, branded on the face as a slave and banished to Toscany, where he died of his wounds a few days later. Her mother, Dafrosa, was beheaded two weeks later. Their two daughters, Bibiana and Demetria, after the death of their parents were stripped of all they had in the world and then imprisoned with orders to give them no food. The Roman praetorian offered them rewards if they would abandon their faith, and threatened a cruel death if they would not conform, but they replied courageously that the goods and advantages of this world had no attraction for them, and that they would endure a thousand deaths rather than betray their faith and their Saviour. Demetria, after having pronounced this ardent defense, fell to the ground and expired at her sister's side; she is inscribed in the Roman martyrology on June 21st.

The officer gave orders that Bibiana be placed in the custody of a woman named Rufina, who was commanded to corrupt her or mistreat her. But the martyr made prayer her shield and remained invincible. Enraged at the courage and perseverance of the young virgin, the persecutor ordered her to be tied to a pillar and whipped until she expired, with scourges tipped with leaden plummets. The Saint underwent this punishment cheerfully and died at the hands of the executioners
 

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BIBIANA OF ROME SCOURGED TO DEATH

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Bibiana was a native of Rome, born in the fourth century, the daughter and sister of martyrs. Flavian, her Christian father, was apprehended during the reign of Julian the Apostate, branded on the face as a slave and banished to Toscany, where he died of his wounds a few days later. Her mother, Dafrosa, was beheaded two weeks later. Their two daughters, Bibiana and Demetria, after the death of their parents were stripped of all they had in the world and then imprisoned with orders to give them no food. The Roman praetorian offered them rewards if they would abandon their faith, and threatened a cruel death if they would not conform, but they replied courageously that the goods and advantages of this world had no attraction for them, and that they would endure a thousand deaths rather than betray their faith and their Saviour. Demetria, after having pronounced this ardent defense, fell to the ground and expired at her sister's side; she is inscribed in the Roman martyrology on June 21st.

The officer gave orders that Bibiana be placed in the custody of a woman named Rufina, who was commanded to corrupt her or mistreat her. But the martyr made prayer her shield and remained invincible. Enraged at the courage and perseverance of the young virgin, the persecutor ordered her to be tied to a pillar and whipped until she expired, with scourges tipped with leaden plummets. The Saint underwent this punishment cheerfully and died at the hands of the executioners

Sorry, Michele, but I still think what really happened Bibiana and other martyrs was more along these lines. :eek::rolleyes:
 

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