Latin writers portrayed slaves as willing and sensual partners, even
while performing household labors. For example, Apuleius’s character
Lucius sees the slave girl Fotis’s ability to give sexual pleasure even in the
most mundane tasks. As Fotis prepares a stew, her actions seduce Lucius
and he flirts with her. Fotis responds suggestively and then directly to his
flirtation: “Depart poor boy,” she said, “far from my oven, depart! For if
my little flame should even slightly blow on you, you will burn deeply,
nor can anyone extinguish your fire, except me, who sweetly seasons, and
I know how to shake softly both the pot and the bed (Met. 2.7).” From
this encounter, it is clear that some Roman men envisioned enslaved
persons not only as objects of a man’s desires but also as seekers of sexual
pleasure (Fitzgerald 2000, 107). Fotis’s response to his flirtation
marks her as a willing and knowledgeable recipient of his attention. She
happily mixes her work as a slave and her role as an available sexual
partner (Fitzgerald 2000, 108). Notably, Fotis is preparing food when
Lucius begins his flirtations, which aligns the two somatic functions that
many Roman authors feared prompted degenerative and destructive
overindulgence. Fotis’s knowledge of making sweet stew and sweetsweet
love hints at elite men’s desires to revel in both, despite other
society members’ constant calls for moderate and restrained behavior. By
imagining that the enslaved seeks sexual and physical pleasures, Roman
men were saved from the consequences of their overindulgence; the
slave’s ‘agency’ serves his desire. In this case, it is Fotis, not Lucius, who
acts and speaks the connection between sex and food. He then does not
need to take responsibility for the association and his own intemperance.
Additionally, this exchange between the lusty Fotis and Lucius hints
that, at least in the Roman male’s mind, the slave was unrestrained by
the sexual mores of free, especially elite, women. In a society that based
status upon social connections, free relationships were often tarnished by
tradition, ulterior motives, ambitions, and desires for profit. As Fitzgerald
(2007, 127) notes, relationships with slaves granted some escape for
slave owners from all that had gone wrong with relations between the
free. With enslaved individuals, the free were motivated not by ambition
but rather by personal desires and needs, and it seems they wanted to
imagine that slaves were willing participants in these relationships.