Both the US Navy and Air Force experimented with tail-standing VTOL aircraft in the 50s and 60s. The Navy want planes that could be launched from and return to, the deck of a small ship - like a destroyer or even a merchant ship - and protect the ship without the need for an aircraft carrier. Two designs, both turboprops:
by Convair
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And Lockheed
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The Air Force wanted a plane that could be launched and retrieved a trailer, for use in the absence of airfields. Only one design got to the testing phase, the Ryan X-13.
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All three designs were successful in that they could take off and land vertically (and in the case of the X-13, rehook onto the trailed), and could convert to horizontal flight.
All three suffered from the same problem inherent to all tail-standers: the pilot had to land virtually blind, only able to look over his shoulder to get some view of the ground. This was only possible for highly skilled - and incredibly brave - test pilots, making them unsuitable for general deployment. Also, none of them performed very well and they would have been easy prey for any conventional fighter.
The advent of the jump-jet ended interest in the tail-stander.