As we were asked to stop the overload, this picture gives me the opportunity to play one of my favorite roles in discussions: I sometimes like to be the "pseudo-philosophical smart-ass" in smalltalk.
I am often surprised about things / events / emperors in history that / who changed the world, but there is one thing which surprised me more because it did not happen in history and this is the story after which I often asked myself if and what might be out there in this universe to influence human history: God? Aliens? A special interest of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Paradoxon in human history?
en.wikipedia.org
In any case and the following seems to be true as far as I could check it, in the year 1239 or 1240, a small Mongolian delegation visited the German emperor Friedrich II. in his capital in Italy, announcing the coming annexation of this little peninsula with the name "Europe" into the Mongolian empire during the coming 5 years, but as the Great Khan was informed about Friedrich II., he has written a very good book about hunting with birds of prey, so the Great Khan offers him his sympathy and the job of being his "Falkner" and his right hand in hunting with birds. Friedrich had already heard about the conquests of the Mongols in Asia, so he pretended to be friendly, took the presents from the delegation and said, it is now not the time to decide the answer yet:
en.wikipedia.org
In 1241, the conquest of "this little peninsula Europe" really started. Two Mongolian armies came from the Ural and the European documents from this time which still exist are declaring these armies to be warriors from hell. The documents state that there were so many Mongolian soldiers that it was impossible to tell the exact numbers, several witnesses said: "Please believe us, we are not exaggerating, we have never before seen so many soldiers on horses, they must be more than our biggest cities have inhabitants! There are more than 10.000 Mongolian soldiers, much more!"
The first Mongolian army in the North easily defeated a combined army of German, Polish, Moravian and even Roman (sent by the Pope) knights at the battle of Liegnitz / Legnica and killed all the European knights there.
en.wikipedia.org
Two days before the second Mongolian army about 1000 kilometers to the South defeated a combined army of Hungarian, Slovakian and Romanian knights at the battle of Mohi / Sajo:
en.wikipedia.org
Historical texts describe how the Mongolian troops most probably and for the first time in European history used gunpowder and primitive rockets from their before conquered Chinese advisors to trigger panic in the enemy armies.
Nothing in Europe could really stop them but after their two big victories, these two Mongolian armies looted around, killed all the population in villages and cities who did not surrender at once in Eastern Europe - and turned back into the direction of Russia.
As far as it is possible to read the texts, the Great Khan Oegedei had died after a hunting accident, in which his horse broke one leg and landed on parts of the Great Khan's body.
The commanders of the conquest armies were his sons who had to be back in Mongolia as soon as possible to prepare his cremation (?) and to decide who would be his successor.
Seen from the European point of view, it was very friendly of this Great Khan to die at the perfect time to save Europe because the conquest of Prague, Rome and Paris was a declared "touristic destination" of the Mongolian armies. On the other hand, the next Khan was probably a bit disappointed by the poverty of the Europeans he had seen in Eastern Europe compared to the treasures of China and Arabia, so the Mongolian armies later turned to the South and in 1258, they conquered and destroyed Bagdad, killing more than 1 million of the Arabian population on their way there.
The distances which these Mongolian armies left behind and the organisation of their military campaigns are incredible even up to our days.
The history of the whole world would have completely changed, if the Great Khan Oegedei would not have been so kind to die in an absolutely perfect timing for Europeans.