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Saint Julia Martyr Tortured / Crucified

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Julia of Carthago/Corsica

Julia was a daughther of a noble Christian family living in Carthago. When the Vandals took North Africa in 439, she was enslaved and later sold to a merchant who travelled the Mediterranean Sea. His ship arrived at Corsica just at the time of a pagan festival. Julia was orderd to sacrifice to the pagan gods. She refused and was crucified as a punishment as well as for the amusement of the pagans.

In Nonza, Corsica, a different legend is told. It is likely that there existed another Julia who suffered martyrdom for her faith.

Julia of Nonza

Julia lived in Nonza, Corsica, at the beginning of the 3rd Century. During the persecution of Diocletianus she was ordered to make the obligatory sacrifice to the God-Emperor. She refused and was condemned to death.

She was led out of her native town and tied to a fig tree. Then one of the executioners cut off her breasts and cast them away. Where they struck the rocks, two springs began to flow. Julia was then left alone, naked, with gaping breast wounds, and exposed to the elements and to the insects. She died after some time from blood loss and lack of water.

Julia is venerated in Nonza until today. She is a patron saint of women suffering from breast problems, infertility, or other gender-related disorders.

Both Christian virgins named Julia had been cruelly put to death on Corsica. The fact that two women had the same name, died in almost the same place, and for the same reason (refusing to sacrifice to pagan gods) is confusing.

Maybe there is perhaps only one Julia, but two variants of her legend?

Julia of Nonza was a native of Corsica, whereas Julia of Carthage was not. Her legend is quite explicit about the circumstances of her journey to Corsica.

Julia of Nonza died during the reign of Emperor Diocletianus, Julia of Corsica 200 years later. This casts some doubts on the legend of Julia of Carthage, for it puts the time of her death after the "edict of tolerance" of Emperor Contantinus, which officially ended the persecutions of Christians in the Roman Empire. However, Julia of Carthage lived at a time when the Western half of the Roman Empire had been broken up, and edicts from Constantinople were no longer enforced.

Julia of Nonza had been tied to a tree and left to die, Julia of Carthage crucified. Now one might argue that tying someone to a tree with the feet off the ground is an archaic crucifixion technique. But the legend of Julia of Nonza does not mention suspension, nor was it common Roman technique at that time to use trees instead of crosses; moreover, the legend of Julia of Carthage does not mention breast amputation.

All this makes it more likely that Julia of Nonza and Julia of Carthage were two different persons.

Another legend tells: After being crucified her breasts were cut off and thrown at the rock, which immediately and miraculously gave rise to the natural water springs at the site.

There are several different versions of the martyrdom of the Saint in Corsica, but it seems that some monks from the Gorgona island carried her body to a sepulcher on their land. In 762, Desiderius, king of the Lombards, removed her relics to the Benedictine abbey of Brescia.

St. Julia (i) crucified

There are some famous art works:
Hieronymus Bosch 1497 St Julia Centralpanel.jpg Gabriel Max 1866 St Julia.jpg St. Julia - Chiesa di Santa Giulia, Brescia, Italy.jpg PrayersCard ~1900 - (1).jpg


(1) The Crucifixion of St Julia is a triptych by the Dutch painter Hieronymus Bosch. The central panel depicts the crucifixion of a saint usually identified with Saint Julia of Corsica. A in depictions of Christ's crucifixion, the woman is an elevated position against the sky, with a large crowd gathered at the foot of the cross. Like many Bosch paintings, the date of this work was long disputed, until dendochronologic analysis assigned it to around 1497. It currently resides at the Palazzo Ducale in Venice, Italy.

(2) Christian Martyr on the Cross (St Julia). Gabriel Cornelius von Max. Germany. 1865. Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

It is a lovely painting: a sweetly beautiful and poised woman, ensconced in a flowing dress, is crucified, her cross standing in a scene of lonely, rosy-lit countryside; an attractive and youthful male sits at her feet, and he is seen just in the act of reverently placing a wreath of flowers at the base of her cross. It is a sentimental and romanticized scene.

There exist a lot of bdsm-manips, pls refer to:

http://www.cruxforums.com/xf/threads/poll-were-you-raised-catholic.37/page-13#post-136433

(3) St. Julia - Chiesa di Santa Giulia, Brescia, Italy.

Carra had to be diplomatic in resolving the inevitabile confusion generated from the approach of the martyr Giulia to the death of Christ. She was chosen as symbol of the female martyr in a female monastery, so Giulia must show her bosom to prove her femininity, with arms wide open, nailed and unveiled. Not even her long hair falls on her shoulders, but is loose on her back. The artist is able to depict Giulia’s modesty in a body that remains still; the expression of ecstasy and pain is entrusted to the vibrant drapery, to the inner emotion of her face towards Heaven (Barbaria1)

Pls refer to http://www.cruxforums.com/xf/threads/poll-were-you-raised-catholic.37/page-13,

(4) A PrayersCard about 1900 – artist unknown …

However, there are some more antiques … some creators are unknown …

Nonza - The church of St. Julia built in the 16th century

The brightly pink painted 16th century Church of Saint Julia, a classical style church, stands on the site of an earlier church built in the 14th century.
Nonza St Julie de Corse - (1).JPG Nonza St Julie de Corse - (2).JPG Nonza St Julie de Corse - (3).jpg Nonza St Julie de Corse - (4).jpg

Terzano: Chiesa di Santa Julia

Chiesa di Santa Giulia - Terzano - (1).jpg Chiesa di Santa Giulia - Terzano - (2).jpg

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Livorno: Church of St. Julia

Church of Livorno - (1).jpg Church of Livorno - (2).jpg
Santa Julia, the Patroness of Livorno, watching over the hospital. Santa Julia, the Patroness of Livorno.jpg


Church Herblay Saint-Martin - Martyrium der Hl. Julia von Korsika

Herblay Saint-Martin - Martyrium der hl. Julia von Korsika.jpg


St. Julia (ii) scourged, tortured and killed

Cappella di Santa Maria in Solario, Santa Giulia, Brescia, Italy

St. Julia - Brescia, Italy - (1).jpg St. Julia - Brescia, Italy - (2).jpg St. Julia - Brescia, Italy - (3).jpg St. Julia - Brescia, Italy - (4).jpg St. Julia - Brescia, Italy - (5).jpg St. Julia - Brescia, Italy - (6).jpg

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and some old printings … unknown …
St. Julia scourged (source unknown) - (1).png St. Julia scourged (source unknown) - (2).png

Darinka Mirkovich, contemporary: Julia crucified and taken to heaven
St. Julia - Darinka Mirkovich.jpg

The Crucifixion of St. Julia by F. Lennox Campello.
Charcoal on Paper, c. 2009. In a private collection in Vancouver, Canada
Killing St Julia - F. Lennox Campello.jpg

Here are some more of my picdb, the artists are unknown.
St. Julia crucified  (source unknown) - (1).jpg St. Julia crucified  (source unknown) - (2).jpg St. Julia crucified  (source unknown) - (3).jpg St. Julia crucified  (source unknown) - (4).jpg St. Julia crucified  (source unknown) - (5).jpg St. Julia crucified  (source unknown) - (6).jpg

continued ...
 
and some more ...

St. Julia crucified - Judy Brumby-Lake's.JPG 062.jpg 063.jpg 105.jpg


If you have any idea to the artist, pls do not hesitate to tell me … thanks …

Finaly

Images of crucified women are necessarily potent; they combine two of the most intensely evocative motifs of Western culture, the image of the Crucified Christ and the image of the alluring Female Body. The result of their combination yields an extraordinarily freighted image. A picture of a crucified woman calls forth in the viewer’s imagination messages of a seemingly impossible, completely contradictory variety. For example, a female saint is naked and sensually suggestive body can be utilized to express a moralizing message of sexual prohibition; on the one hand, her body is enticingly and erotically displayed to the spectator, who, on the other hand, is all the while reminded that the saint is chastely suffering in terrible agony for the cause of their shared Savior.

The complicated and confusing morass of emotions that is likely to take hold of a viewer of such images properly begs interpretation.

As the iconic tradition of Christianity unfolds, one might ask what role the erotic plays in representations of the Passion of Christ, in the passions of those women that have been displayed as objects of piety upon the cross, and in the passions of those minds and hearts that have contemplatively viewed these images of crucified women. For, there most definitely has existed, and continues to exist, a tradition of depicting women crucified upon the cross. And, as the very word passion provides a parallel and aptly convoluted representation of our discussion when one considers its curious family of meanings, from the religious and painful, to the loving and erotic.

These (bare-breasted) Crucified Women piously powerful as they might be, are not without prurient potential. Indeed, the very existence of such images might seem strange, if not outright blasphemous, in light of the Catholic Church is historically considerable desire to keep women in their clothes and out of positions of power.

A couple of questions come up:
  • How is it possible, then, that the Crucified Woman has been a Church-condoned figure within Western Christian iconographic tradition?
  • How, we must wonder, did the Revered Crucified merge with the Naked Female into a single image?
  • What forms and meanings has this merging taken through time, and how do we account for any transformations of imagery and meaning that we might detect?
  • What, ultimately, does the image of the Crucified Woman mean in the history of Catholic religious devotion and erotic fantasy?
 
188940-e80f537234db01af4e4976159c814714.jpg this one is by Santo Cattaneo
http://www.artnet.com/artists/santo-cattaneo/martirio-di-santa-giulia-wjLeq3nfJSf05BiFT4P9gA2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sante_Cattaneo

Thanks for all the information Zephyro, I've mentioned Julia a few times on the Forums as one of very few virgin martyrs who was actually crucified (Candida of Rome is another), but you've drawn together more than I've got in my database of VMs! :D

There are 'splitters' and 'lumpers' in all disciplines, including hagiology -
on the whole I'm a 'lumper',
I think the two Julias were probably the same one,
but different legends grew up around her in different parts of Corsica
(cf. Eulalia of Mérida and Barcelona).
What are the sources/ dates of the legends?
Do they share the same feast-day (May 22nd)?

The questions you ask are ones that fascinate me and motivate my own research!
 
The Crucifixion of St. Julia by F. Lennox Campello.
Charcoal on Paper, c. 2009. In a private collection in Vancouver, Canada
View attachment 188932

I really like this one, very engaging. Innocense confronting bleak reality.
But they are all revealing in their own way, as you say.

Images of crucified women are necessarily potent; they combine two of the most intensely evocative motifs of Western culture, the image of the Crucified Christ and the image of the alluring Female Body.
As the iconic tradition of Christianity unfolds, one might ask what role the erotic plays in representations of the Passion of Christ, in the passions of those women that have been displayed as objects of piety upon the cross, and in the passions of those minds and hearts that have contemplatively viewed these images of crucified women. For, there most definitely has existed, and continues to exist, a tradition of depicting women crucified upon the cross. And, as the very word passion provides a parallel and aptly convoluted representation of our discussion when one considers its curious family of meanings, from the religious and painful, to the loving and erotic.

A couple of questions come up:
  • How is it possible, then, that the Crucified Woman has been a Church-condoned figure within Western Christian iconographic tradition?
  • How, we must wonder, did the Revered Crucified merge with the Naked Female into a single image?
  • What forms and meanings has this merging taken through time, and how do we account for any transformations of imagery and meaning that we might detect?
  • What, ultimately, does the image of the Crucified Woman mean in the history of Catholic religious devotion and erotic fantasy?

It is a fascinating topic. The crucified female in christian imagery. Growing up in an English speaking Catholic Church I find this imagery quite alien, quite apart from my own experience. This leads me to wonder if it is a cultural manifestation as much as a religious one?
 
What are the sources/ dates of the legends?
Do they share the same feast-day (May 22nd)?
The two sources of Julias i found some time ago @ Karl Veitschegger
http://members.aon.at/veitschegger/texte/juliaheilige.htm

This is an older page - only in German ... translated ...

The Holy Julia died together with other Christians, probably during the persecution of the Roman emperor Decius (249-251) in the North African city of Carthage (near Tunis) martyrdom. Her relics were taken during the invasion of the Vandals in the 5th century Corsica in safety, later kept in a monastery on the island of Gorgona and (later named after her Santa Giulia) and 762 transferred to Brescia in the Benedictine convent of S. Salvatore.
Some of her relics are also in Livorno. Julia is considered patroness of Brescia, Bergamo, Livorno and Corsica and is worshiped under the name "Julia of Corsica". The Doge's Palace in Venice is a picture of Hieronymus Bosch shown: "The Martyrdom of St. Julia of Corsica" (1500).
A tradition that starts her life a time later, tells the following ...
Julia lived in Carthage of the 5th century and belonged to a noble family. After the conquest of their hometown by the Germanic Vandals under Genseric in 439 she was sold to a Syrian merchant named Eusebius as a slave. On the way to Gaul (now France), the ship transferring Julia together with her Lord Eusebius, took a break at Cape Corso (Nonza) in northern Corsica for maintenance. There was among the islanders just a pagan festival in progress. Julia refused to participate in the rituals, recognized Felix, the governor of the island, because she was a Christian. He ordered her to sacrifice to the gods, and even offered her the release from slavery to if they would be willing to worship the gods. Julia refused and had to pay for it with their young lives. It was crucified.
Some scholars even participate, Julia lived later and was in Corsica, murdered by Muslim Saracens, who wanted to bring the island under its rule over again. Beyond dispute is that her relics were brought from Corsica to Italy in the 8th century.


Now, i started google ... and found several legends of Julia stated ...

Martyrologium Romanum of the Catholic Church tells us several Julias and her feast-days:

further more:
 
thanks Zephyro - yes, it seems records of her legend post-date the translation of her relics, and that, beside the 'main' legend, there were local variants.
The story could well be basically true, there's nothing in it that couldn't quite well have happened in the time of the Diocletian persecution, and it's striking that (unlike very many saints' legends) there's no suggestion of any miraculous events before or during Julia's crucifixion. It's not surprising that the Muslims became the 'baddies' in later versions.

There are indeed many, many saints named Julia. Another one is supposed to have been a friend of Eulalia of Mérida, who was martyred with her in the same way - but I think she's simply a garbled form of 'Eulalia'. I can add half a dozen more to your list if you really want! ;)
 
Over ten years ago Damian took an original 19th century image of St. Julia and . . . ran with it.

I've posted these before, but I don't think for many years.
 

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The two sources of Julias i found some time ago @ Karl Veitschegger
http://members.aon.at/veitschegger/texte/juliaheilige.htm

This is an older page - only in German ... translated ...

The Holy Julia died together with other Christians, probably during the persecution of the Roman emperor Decius (249-251) in the North African city of Carthage (near Tunis) martyrdom.

Martyrologium Romanum of the Catholic Church tells us several Julias and her feast-days:

further more:

In that same persecution-period Origenes was arrested and kept in jail by the Romans during years. I made a study from his theology (a French author). I remember that he did not died during his captivity so that he is not a martyr.
 
Livorno: Church of St. Julia

View attachment 188918 View attachment 188920
Santa Julia, the Patroness of Livorno, watching over the hospital. View attachment 188921


Church Herblay Saint-Martin - Martyrium der Hl. Julia von Korsika

View attachment 188922


St. Julia (ii) scourged, tortured and killed

Cappella di Santa Maria in Solario, Santa Giulia, Brescia, Italy

View attachment 188923 View attachment 188924 View attachment 188925 View attachment 188926 View attachment 188927 View attachment 188928

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What a beautiful church interior!
 
I remember that he did not died during his captivity so that he is not a martyr.

Yeah, Origenes also called Adamantius (ριγένης Ἀδαμάντιος) did not die while being tortured, he died three years later due to injuries sustained at the age of 69 (refer to: helley, Bruce L. (1995). Church History in Plain Language, 2nd ed. Dallas: Word Publishing. p. 86)
May be Origenes is a martyr in the figurative sense, but he was not killed ... like Julia
In the Catholic Church, however, Origens is mostly seen as heretic and sectarian because of his theology, he is regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as a Church Father, but not a Saint. In Origenes the Christian Church had its first theologian. A little bit strange is his asceticism and self-castration, too. He used a knife for something ... grrrrrrrrrrrrrr.
 
Yeah, Origenes also called Adamantius (ριγένης Ἀδαμάντιος) did not die while being tortured, he died three years later due to injuries sustained at the age of 69 (refer to: helley, Bruce L. (1995). Church History in Plain Language, 2nd ed. Dallas: Word Publishing. p. 86)
May be Origenes is a martyr in the figurative sense, but he was not killed ... like Julia
In the Catholic Church, however, Origens is mostly seen as heretic and sectarian because of his theology, he is regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as a Church Father, but not a Saint. In Origenes the Christian Church had its first theologian. A little bit strange is his asceticism and self-castration, too. He used a knife for something ... grrrrrrrrrrrrrr.

Remember, ritual castration only is made with a sharp stone knife.
 
Just noting that apparently the commemoration of St. Giulia is May 23 (tomorrow as of this post).
 
Yes, let's remember one of the few Christian virgin martyrs who was actually crucified!

The date in the current Roman Rite Kalendar is given as 22nd May, as it was in the Tridentine,
but 23rd seems to have more ancient authority. Saints' days were inclined to 'slip' as the tradition was passed on,
especially if they tended clash with major feasts (in Julia's case, Pentecost, which this year is tomorrow, 24th)
 
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