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Milestones

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Have women leaders been that peaceable? Margaret Thatcher, Indira Ghandi, Golda Meir? Not so much.. Aung San Suu Kyi got the Nobel Peace Prize and then what is going in in Myanmar now?
If she is not in current position..things will be surely getting worst for every sides surely.
 
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On this day in 1577, Sir Francis Drake set sail from Plymouth, England, with five ships on a mission to circumnavigate the globe. His successful three-year mission made him the first Englishman to accomplish the feat.
 

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On this day in 1577, Sir Francis Drake set sail from Plymouth, England, with five ships on a mission to circumnavigate the globe. His successful three-year mission made him the first Englishman to accomplish the feat.
Drake's mission was to harass Spanish shipping along the Pacific coast of the America's. The circumnavigation was necessitated by the prevailing winds.
He left with five ships and 164 men. He captured a Portuguese ship off the Cape Verde Islands and added that ship and its crew to his fleet. He return to Plymouth with one ship, 64 men and a ship full of Spanish treasure. Half went to the Crown and was greater than the revenue from all other sources for that year.
 
On December 15th 1944, today 75 years ago. A small plane, en route from England to Paris, vanished without a trace over The Channel. On board was band leader and then US Army Major Glenn Miller.
 
This day, 75 years ago.
On December 16th 1944, Allied forces were surprised by a massive German counterattack, in the Ardenne mountains in eastern Belgium. The ensuing fights, which lasted until the end of January 1945, is known as the Battle of the Ardennes, the Battle of the Bulge, or, among the population of the Low Countries, also as the Von Rundstedt Offensive.

With the winter coming up, the Allied advance had stalled in front of the German border. Although the Allies had since November 28th a deep water port available close to the front (Antwerp), they still had lots of logistics problems, because many supplies often had to come all the way from the temporary ports and beaches in Normandy, and much of the railroad network in France and Belgium still suffered from bombing damage, inflicted by the Allied raids before D-Day. The Germans had managed to secretly assemble a massive force at the front line, by using not their common communication systems, and under cover of darkness and low clouded weather.

The aim of the offensive was to recapture Antwerp. This would disrupt Allied supplies, and would cut off four British armies. The American troops deployed in the Ardenne, were considered rather weak.

The offensive was a complete surprise, and many American units were overrun. Initially, the panzer units spearheading the offensive, seemed to make a dash towards their first obstacle, the Meuse River. Nevertheless, resistance was tougher than expected. For the Germans, who suffered themselves from supply shortages, it was essential to capture Allied fuel depots underway. But that did not work out well. Furthermore, the few available roads were not all accessible, creating pile ups of tank columns on those roads who were. Often, the advance stopped, because tank columns ran out of fuel. The terrain was also unfavorable. In May 1940, the Germans had successfully launched a tank offensive straight through the Ardenne, which had before been deemed impossible by tacticians. But the 1940 offensive aimed the Channel ports, and hence was directed to the northwest, giving the advantage of advancing parallel to the main topography. Antwerp lay however in the northeast, meaning: taking the hill ridges one after the other, and less available roads in that direction.

In the south, it was essential for the Germans to capture the town of Bastogne, an important crossroads of all seven main roads in the region. The city was surrounded, but the besieged US Army troops refused to surrender (‘Nuts’ as General Mcauliffe replied to the offer to surrender), and the siege had to be abandoned.

In the central area, the Germans came within sight of the Meuse river, but there also, they had to use narrow corridors, which could be easily taken under fire by infiltrated Allies. There comes up the story that one woman has stopped the offensive, by telling a panzer officer that American troops had mined the road leading to the Meuse valley. As she did, a Panther tank ran upon a mine and was destroyed, making the Germans hesitate to continue.

The odds changed when, at the end of December, the low clouds disappeared, allowing the Allies to deploy their air superiority. Surrounded troops were supplied by airlift, and the German ground troops came under air attack.

When the battle was all over, the Allies faced the Siegfried Line, Germany’s border defense line.
 
On the same December 16th in Antwerp. The city was the objective of the Ardenne Offensive, but already since several weeks the target of V-weapons, because of the port activities.

December 16th 1944 was a saturday. And war or no war, people sought leasure. With the liberation, Hollywood had made its return in the cinemas. In the afternoon, in Cinema Rex, near the Central Station, Cecil B. Demille's 'THe Plainsman', with Gary Cooper and Jean Arthur was playing.

At 3:17 pm, the fully crowded cinema was hit by a V2, killing 576 and wounding 291. It was the highest death toll inflicted by a single V-weapon during the war.
 
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